Metabolic support – The neurones have a constant requirement for nutrients such as glucose but they are unable to store or produce glycogen themselves.They contain various neurotransmitters which are released into the synapses to allow signal transmission from one neurone to the next.Īstrocytes are star-shaped glial cells within the brain and spinal cord, depending on the method used they make up between 20 and 40% of all glial cells. These make synaptic connections with other neurones. Axon terminal – Distally the axon branches, forming axon terminals.Schwann cells – These insulate the axon with myelin sheath which facilitates the rapid transmission of action potentials along the axon.The action potentials are conducted along the axon to the axon terminal. Axon – It arises from the soma, specifically from an area called the axon hillock, where action potentials are initiated.They transmit signals received from other neurones to the soma. Dendrites – these processes originate from the soma and extend outwards.It also contains the Nissl Substance, which are granules containing rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. Cell body or Soma – this contains the nucleus and the neurone’s intracellular organelles (such as the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus).The neurone is made up of several components:
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